新GER考试写作部分变化初探（三）
作者：济南新东方 来源：济南新东方 字号：T|T
摘要：前面已经提到过，新GRE考试写作部分的另一项明显变化，是在题目的形式上，除了老GRE题目的那一句话以外，增加了一个specific instruction。从而就出现了同一句话（或者内容相同的句子，
First glance on the GRE revised test AW（03）
前面已经提到过，新GRE考试写作部分的另一项明显变化，是在题目的形式上，除了老GRE题目的那一句话以外，增加了一个specific instruction。从而就出现了同一句话（或者内容相同的句子，只是形式稍作改变）搭配不同的instruction的现象。例如：
老题库中的：
170．"The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but the general welfare of all its people."
而在新题库中，出现了这样几道：
28. The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
113. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.
Reason: The surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.
121. Some people claim that you can tell whether a nation is great by looking at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Others argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the general welfare of all its people.
Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.
145. The general welfare of a nation's people is a better indication of that nation's greatness than are the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
这种现象实际上提示我们，针对不同的instruction，应该写出不同的文章。也就是说，新增加的“specific instruction”绝对不是我们想象的“摆设”而已。否则，上面这几道题就完全成了一样的题。而ETS通常是不会犯出题重复的低级错误的。
ETS在新GRE官方指南中很体贴的列出了所有specific instruction的形式，如下
1. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with a general statement and consider circumstances in which the statement might or might not hold true.（讨论判断成立的条件）
2. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with a recommendation and consider specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous.（讨论建议适用范围）
3. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with a claim and anticipate and address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.（讨论反面观点）
这里要注意的是，前面三种表述都包含这句话：Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with…这句话在官方指南中有明确的解释：你可以选择的观点范围从“strong agreement”到“strong disagree”，也可以包含中间的“qualified agreement”和“qualified disagreement”也就是说，你可以完全同意（反对）也可以有保留的同意（反对）。ETS还特别强调：GRE readers scoring your response are not looking for a “right” answer——in fact, there is no correct position to take. 很多同学都会问的“是不是写有保留的观点比较好，是不是不能写
完全同意的观点”这里就解决了：GRE文章考察persuasive writing, 要说服别人，什么是最好的观点？显然不是你觉得“正确”或者“取巧”但并不完全相信的观点。连自己都说服不了，怎么说服别人？
4. Discuss your views on a policy and explain the possible consequences of implementing the policy.（讨论政策的后果）
5. Discuss two opposing views and explain which view more closely aligns with your own position.（比较双方观点）
6. Discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with a claim and the reason on which it is based.（因果分析）
那么，对于相同的话题搭配不同的instruction，究竟要如何写出不同呢？我们以上面的几个题目为例来介绍一下：
28. The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.
在第一篇介绍里我们讲过，instruction实际上是指明我们在老GRE写作相对全面的思路当中要摘取哪一个部分。在老Ｇ中，我们把这个题归类为ＡＢ两个事物的比较，具体说，就是“精英成就”和“人民福利”两个指标的比较，而比较的内容是哪一个更能“反映一个国家，民族的优劣”。
这个题目的instruction属于我们上述的“判断成立条件”。那么，我们在全面的考虑过如何判断一个国家一个民族的成败得失的话题之后，应该着重考虑“在什么样的情况下，国家的好坏取决于人民福利多余精英的成就，而什么情况下恰恰相反”。
不难发现，在选择生活的地点的时候，我们更多的考虑人民福利。也就是说，我们会认为生活质量高的国家是更好的选择，比如美德法等西方发达国家。人们通常不会因为仰慕曼德拉的功绩而决定移居南非，也不会因为甘地来自印度的贫民窟而选择去那里居住。但是，在奥运赛场，往往一个运动员的表现就代表了一个国家。姚明在NBA的出色表现也肯定改变了很多美国人对中国的看法。此时，“精英”成就又成了人们判断一个国家民族的主要指标。
所以“在不同情况下”，“精英成就”和“人民福利”在“反映国家民族优劣”方面的比较，结果会有不同。这就是这种instruction要我们写的侧重点。
113. Claim: The surest indicator of a great nation is not the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.
Reason: The surest indicator of a great nation is actually the welfare of all its people.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.
这道题属于上述的“因果分析类”。也就是说，我们应该着重从逻辑关系进行分析。因果关系中无非就要关注两件事：原因本身是否成立，已及由因到果的过程是否合理。
具体到这道题目，推理的过程显然使用的是“因为A是C，所以B不是C”的逻辑。A、B、C分别指“人民福利”“精英成就”和“最准确的指标”。
当我们单独判断A是否等于C的时候，就变成了开放的比较，而不仅是AB的比较了，也就是说，我们会需要考虑到所有可以反映一个国家民族好坏的指标，然后才能得出谁是“最准确”的这个结论
然后就是判断推理过程。根据我们的数学知识，我们不难想到，即使A等于C成立，也未必推出B不等于C，因为有一种特例：A等于B。套上题目里的具体内容，即使“人民福利”是“最准的指标”也不能说“精英成就”不是“最准指标”。因为，在某些情况下精英的成就恰恰就体现在人民的福利。比如林肯的成就恰恰就是美国黑人获得自由和权力。
因此，“逻辑关系”是这种instruction要求的侧重点。
121. Some people claim that you can tell whether a nation is great by looking at the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists. Others argue that the surest indicator of a great nation is, in fact, the general welfare of all its people.
Write a response in which you discuss which view more closely aligns with your own position and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should address both of the views presented.
这种问法属于“比较双方观点”型。强调的就是要“涉及双方的观点”。所以，实际上就是要求我们就这正反两种看法列举出我们的论据。需要注意的是
1. 我们仍然需要表明自己的观点，可以选A，可以选B，也可以两者折中。还是那句老话，要求别人相信的，自己要首先相信。
2. 我们再三强调的“列举论据”并不等于“列举例子”。GRE考察的不是背诵能力，而是分析能力。所以即使是这种问法，我们也绝不可能以例子的数量取胜。对于事实的分析以及情景假设，类比，比喻，逻辑推理等论证方法都要尽量使用。
145. The general welfare of a nation's people is a better indication of that nation's greatness than are the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists.
Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.
这种问法关键词显然是“compelling”。也就是说，这种问法要侧重的实际上就是我们在老G思路里面重点讲解的“让步反驳结构”。只要在审题的时候能够做到“不带成见的设身处地为异见人士着想”就能够使我们的文章显得“真诚”，从而达到“卸下读者心防”的目的，使读者愿意用心的听一听我们的看法。
以上我们简要的介绍了一下如何针对不同instruction写出不同的文章，当然，只是一个接触。后续的文章中，我会使用同一种问法的不同话题来跟大家探讨如何更深入准确的把握每一种instruction的实质和相应的写作技巧。
关键字：济南新东方，济南GER 济南出国留学
更多专题资讯文章推荐
相关文章导读
版权及免责声明
① 凡本网注明“稿件来源：新东方”的所有文字、图片和音视频稿件，版权均属新东方教育科技集团（含本网和新东方网）所有，任何媒体、网站或个人未经本网协议授权不得转载、链接、转贴或以其他任何方式复制、发表。已经本网协议授权的媒体、网站，在下载使用时必须注明“稿件来源：新东方”，违者本网将依法追究法律责任。
② 本网未注明“稿件来源：新东方”的文/图等稿件均为转载稿，本网转载仅基于传递更多信息之目的，并不意味着赞同转载稿的观点或证实其内容的真实性。如其他媒体、网站或个人从本网下载使用，必须保留本网注明的“稿件来源”，并自负版权等法律责任。如擅自篡改为“稿件来源：新东方”，本网将依法追究法律责任。
③ 如本网转载稿涉及版权等问题，请作者见稿后在两周内速来电与新东方网联系，电话：010-62699989转5525。
