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上次的自然科学百科给大家分享了米兰科维奇理论,今天我们继续在physical science的领域里遨游,带给大家更多的百科小知识,助力托福听力理解。
今天给大家分享的TPO34L2的必备背景知识——APS Digestion,全称Anaerobic Phased Solids Digestion,厌氧分阶固体消化。它是一种垃圾处理方法,但是不是听起来有些晦涩?没关系,下面我们将从这个学术概念的三个组成词入手,为大家详细介绍。
A——Anaerobic [ˌænəˈroʊbɪk] a. 厌氧的
APS digestion uses anaerobic bacteria, ones that thrive in the absence of oxygen, to consume organic material. Anaerobic bacteria have been used in wastewater treatment for decades. They are used to break down the sludge in waste water.
APS使用在缺氧情况下存活的厌氧菌来分解有机物质,而这种厌氧菌在污水处理中已经被使用几十年了,它们可以分解污水中的污泥。
关键词提示
bacteria [bækˈtɪriə] n. 细菌
consume [kənˈsuːm] v. 消耗
sludge [slʌdʒ] n. 污泥
P——Phased [feɪzd] adj.
分阶段进行的
The new technology processes organic waste in two phases. First, the waste material is loaded into a large closed container along with different types of anaerobic bacteria. The bacteria break the solids down into acids and hydrogen gas. The hydrogen is extracted, and the remaining acids are transferred into a different container for the second phase of the process. There, another type of bacteria converts the acids into methane gas.
APS技术通过两个阶段来处理有机垃圾。首先,垃圾会被装进一个含有各种厌氧细菌的大的容器中,这些细菌将固体分解成酸和氢气。氢气会被提取出,而剩下的酸会被转移到另一个容器中,在这里进入第二个阶段的处理,并且会有另外一种细菌将酸转化成沼气。
关键词提示
phase [feɪz] n. 阶段
container [kənˈteɪnər] n. 容器
acid [ˈæsɪd] n. 酸
hydrogen [ˈhaɪdrədʒən] n. 氢
extract [ˈekstrækt] v. 提取
convert [kənˈvɜːrt] v. 转化
methane [ˈmeθeɪn] n. 甲烷
S— —Solid [ˈsɑːlɪd] n. 固体
In the past, researchers have attempted to treat solid organic waste. But there was always a problem. In order to process the solid waste, you had to pretreat the solids to turn them into sludge——first by breaking the material apart mechanically into small particles, and then adding a lot of water, until you got a kind of thick, soupy mix that the equipment could handle. But that extra step not only took time and required a lot of energy, but also cost a lot. But APS digestion is designed specifically to handle solid waste, so it's much more cost-effective.
在过去,研究者们一直试图处理固态有机物,但总是存在问题。为了处理固态垃圾,比如垃圾填埋场的垃圾,你必须预先将这些固体转化为污泥。首先,从物理上将这些材料分割成小的颗粒,然后加水直到变成机器可以处理的浓稠的像汤汁一样的混合物。但是额外的步骤费时费力,同时花费很高。但是APS消化是为了处理固态垃圾而设计的,因此它更加省钱。
关键词提示
pretreat [pri:'tri:t] v. 预先处理
mechanically [məˈkænɪkli] adv. 物理地
particle [ˈpɑːrtɪkl] n. 颗粒
extra [ˈekstrə] a. 额外的
综上,APS Digestion就是利用厌氧菌分阶段处理固体垃圾,这对于每天产生的巨量生活垃圾、厨余垃圾等都十分有效,未来有可能成为垃圾处理的先锋,你了解了吗?
作者:孙文静
托福听力、Junior听力、综合能力听口
香港中文大学GPGC专业硕士
托福总分111
新东方集团ABSOLUTE TOEFL 认证教师
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苹果集团Apple Teacher 认证教师
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托福听力科学百科之自然科学气候篇——米兰科维奇理论
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