名师指导雅思写作大作文复习

大作文无论从内容上还是语言方面都比小作文更难，它会根据不同的话题，不同的题型和不同的观点任意变化，但是作为考试，总有万变不离其宗的部分，那就是写作的结构。复习的时候，我们先固定一个部分，那么其他的变量再怎么变化也不会那么复杂了。所以大作文的复习重点是文章结构，练习的重点是写作语言(即写作词汇和语法)。

写作结构的学习主要是分析考官满分范文的写作结构，不仅是段落之间的逻辑结构，还要学习句子之间的逻辑结构，我们会发现即使用词简单，但是逻辑严谨也是高分的作文。

写作结构方面的学习按照题型大致分3类：discuss，agree or disagree和原因分析类。每个类型的详细结构如下，精确到句子之间的逻辑。

大作文——结构+语言

1. 三种题型的结构：

(1) discuss (4段)——范文剑8T1-P163

开头段：倒三角

主体段1：

a.(核心词)是什么

b. 为什么要这样做

c. 怎么做/这样做的好处(举例：多项列举，单个事例)

主体段2:

a. 承上启下

b. (核心词)是什么

c. 为什么(好/不好)

d. 有怎样的影响(举例：多项列举，单个事例)

结论段：

让步+自己观点

(2) agree or disagree： (4～5段)：类似讨论类——范文剑9T1-P163

(3) 原因分析：(4～5段，根据问题分段)——范文剑7T3-P167

开头段：倒三角

主体段：回答问题1。原因+观点+解释(*3/*4)——又详又略

结论段：总结或重申

下面我以discuss为例，帮烤鸭们明确一下分析考官范文逻辑结构的要点。

剑8T1

Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this.

Discuss both these view and give your own opinion.

开头段——倒三角

A child's education has never been about learning information and basic skills only. It has always included teaching the next generation how to be good members of society. Therefore, this cannot be the responsibility of the parents alone.(38 words)

三个核心词分别是education，good members of society和parents/school，并按照概念范畴由大到小排列，构成到倒三角的结构。

主体段1

In order to be a good member of any society the individual must respect and obey the rules of their community and share their values(解释什么是good member). Educating children to understand the need to obey rules and respect others always begins in the home and is widely thought to be the responsibility of parents(说明为什么是parents的责任). They will certainly be the first to help children learn what is important in life, how they are expected to behave and what role they will play in their world(家长的responsibility具体是什么).(82 words)

通过对概念的解释和因果关系的分析外加具体化的例子，让这个段落论证的内容显得十分立体。

主体段2

However, learning to understand and share the value system of a whole society cannot be achieved just in the home(承上启下). Once a child goes to school they are entering a wider community where teachers and peers will have just as much influence as their parents do at home(为什么是school的责任). At school, children will experience working and living with people from a whole variety of backgrounds from the wider society(学校的responsibility是什么1). This experience should teach them how to co-operate with each other and how to contribute to the life of their community(学校的responsibility是什么2).(89 words)

与上一段类似，都是说明了因果关系外加详细的例子来说明学校方面的责任，同样也比较清晰。

结论段

But to be a valuable member of any community is not like learning a simple skill. It is something that an individual goes on learning throughout life and it is the responsibility for every member of a society to take responsibility for helping the younger generation to become active and able members of that society.(55 words)

这段最大的特征是对文章的内容和观点进行了一个生活，认为教育孩子成为社会好成员不仅是家长的责任也是学校的责任，更是社会中每个公民的责任。

综上所述，不知烤鸭们是否可以大致理解如何分析考官写作的逻辑，并根据这个逻辑思维结合同类题型来组织自己的写作。相信用不了多久，我们的逻辑思维能力就会得到锻炼和提升。