1.日常交际应答语
①应答对方的感谢;
②应答对方的道歉;
③应答对方的劝告和建议;
④应答对方的请求;
⑤应答对方的要求;
⑥应答对方的邀请;
⑦应答对方的祝愿、祝贺;
⑧应答对方的鼓励和赞扬;
⑨应答对方的帮助。
2.情感态度的表达
①表示惊奇;
②表示同情;
③表示安慰;
④表示鼓励;
⑤表示同意;
⑥表示不同意;
⑦表示不在乎。
3.日常交际问答
①问候;
②问时间、日期;
③打电话;
④购物;
⑤问路。
4.几个常考的交际用语
①It all depends!(视情况而定);
②what if(倘若......会怎么样);
③What for?(做什么用,为什么);
④So what ?(那又怎么样);
⑤Got it!(明白了);
⑥Take your time.(别着急);
⑦Take it easy.(放松点);
⑧It’s up to…(由……决定)。
【知识点归纳】
I.日常交际应答语
1.感谢与应答
感谢
Thank you very much.
Thanks a lot.
Many thanks.
应答
That's all right.
Thanks for helping me.
You're welcome.
That's OK.
Not at all.
It’s my pleausre.
Don’t mention it.
It’s nothing.
Think nothing of it.
Forget it.
2.道歉与应答
道歉
I'm sorry.
I'm sorry to trouble you.
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
应答
It doesn't matter.
It's not important.
That's/It’s nothing.
Not at all.
Neve rmind.
That’s all right.
Forget it.
That’s OK.
No problem.
Not to worry.
3.劝告、建议与应答
劝告和建议
I think you ought to…我想你应该……
If I were you, I’d…如果我是你,我会……
It might be a good idea if you…如果你……这倒是个好主意。
Have you ever thought of…? 你是否想过要……?
I recommend that……我建议……
I strongly advise you to……我极力主张你……
You really ought to……你的确应该……
Personally, I think you’d better……依我看,你最好……
Why not do……? 为什么不……?
Why don’t you do……? 你为什么不……?
I suggest that……我建议……
What about doing……? ……怎么样?
How about doing……? ……怎么样?
Shall we……? 我们去……好吗?
Let’s……, shall we? 让我们去……好吗?
You need (to)……你需要……
应答
肯定的:
Good idea.
That’s great.
Sounds great.
It sounds great.
That’s fine.
Why not?
否定的:
I’d love to,but…
I’m afraid…
It’s an idea,but…
4.请求与应答
请求
May I...?
Can I?
Could I...?
Do you mind if I…
应答
肯定的:
With pleasure.
Certainly(Of course)
Sure,go ahead.
Yes,help yourself.
Of Course not,go ahead(回答Do you mind if I…的请求)
否定的:
I’m afraid not.
Better not.
I’d rather you didn’t.
5.应答对方的要求
肯定的:
All right.
I will.
否定的:
No way.
Forget it.
—Do remember to call me up when you arrive. —I will.
—I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her. —No way.It was her fault.
6.邀请与应答
邀请
Would you like to … ?
Why don’t we…?
应答
肯定的:
That would be fine.
Tha’s very kind of you.
All right.
Yes,I’d love to.
否定的:
I’d love to,but…
Sorry,I can’t.
I’m afraid I can’t.
7.祝愿、祝贺与应答
祝愿、祝贺
Good luck!
Best wishes to you.
Have a nice/good time/journey.
Congratulations!
Happy New Year!
Merry Christmas!
Happy birthday to you.
应答
Thank you!
The same to you.
You,too.
—Happy New Year!(Merry Christmas!)
—The same to you.(You,too.)
8.鼓励、赞扬与应答
鼓励、赞扬
Very good.
Well done.
Wonderful.
Excellent.
Come on.
Keep trying.
You can do it.
应答
Thank you.
OK.
I’ll try it again.
9.提供帮助与应答
主动提供帮助时:
Can I help you?
What can I do for you
Would you like me to help you?
Do you want me to…
Let me…
需要别人帮助时:
Yes,please
Thank you for your help\Thanks.
不需要别人帮助时:
No,thank you\thank you all the same.
That’s very kind of you, but…
II.情感态度的表达
1.表示惊奇
Really?
How come?(何以会……?为什么)
What a surprise!
Oh,dear!
Good heavens!
2.表示同情
I’m sorry to hear that.
Don’t worry.
What a pity!
That’s really unlucky.
Bad luck.
Just my luck.
3.表示安慰
Don’t worry.
Don’t be afraid.
Take your time.
Take it easy.
Make yourself at home.
It’s quite all right.
It’ll be OK.
4.表示鼓励
Come on.
Cheer up.
You can do it.
You will make it.
5.表示同意
I quite agree.
I couldn’t agree more.
Exactly.
Certainly.
Absolutely.
Of course.
All right.
That’s a good idea.
No problem.
I think so.
6.表示不同意
Not really.
Not Exactly.
I don’t quite agree.
I don’t think so.
I’m afraid not.
It’s hard to say.
Well,that’s depend.
No way.
Of course not.
7.表示不在乎
So what?
Who cares?
III.日常交际问答
1.问候
①A:Good morning/afternoon/evening.
Hello/Hi.
How do you do?
Nice to meet you.
B:答语与问候语相同。
②A:How are you?
B:Fine, thank you.And you?
A:Very well,thank you.
2.问时间、日期
A:What day is it? B:It's Monday.
A:What's the date? B:It's Jan. 10th.
A:What's the time,please? B:It's five o'clock/half past five... It's time to ...
3.打电话
This is…(speaking). 我是……(不说I am…)
It is …here. 我是……
May I speak to …, please? 请找……接电话好吗?
Can I speak to …, please? 请找……接电话好吗?
Could I speak to …, please? 请找……接电话好吗?
I’d like to speak to…, please. 请找……接电话好吗?
Who’s that (speaking / calling)? 你是谁?(不说Who are you?)
Is that …(speaking)? 你是……吗?
Is …there? ……在吗?
Is…in? ……在吗?
Hold on, please. 请稍等。
Hold the line, please.请稍等。
Can I take a message? 你可以留个口信吗?(对方要找的人不在时)
Can you give/ leave a message?你可以留个口信吗?(对方要找的人不在时)
Can/Could I ask who is calling?请问您是哪位?
May I have your telephone number? 您的电话号码是多少?
4.购物
What can I do for you?您要买点什么?
Can I help you? 您要买点什么?
What’s the price of …?……的价钱是多少?
How much is…? ……多少钱?
It’s well worth the money.很合算。
Have you got anything a little cheaper? 有没有比这便宜点的?
How much does it come to? 总共多少钱?
How much is it altogether? 总共多少钱?
Try it for size. 试试大小。
Will you show me…?请拿给我看……?
Have you got any…? 你们有……吗?
It’s a bit too large (small, plain. gaudy etc.) for me.
这对于我来说太大(太小,太素,太花哨等)了。
That’s fine. I’ll take it. 那好,我买了。
That’s too expensive, I’m afraid.恐怕那太贵了。
What colour do you want? 你要什么颜色?
What size do you want? 你要什么尺寸的?
Do you have any other kind? 你们有别的种类吗?
5.问路
Excuse me.Where’s …?劳驾,……在什么地方?
Excuse me. Can you tell me the way to…? 劳驾,你能告诉我去……的路吗?
How can I get to…?我怎样去……?
Go down this street.顺着这条街走。
Turn right at the first crossing.在第一个十字路口向右拐。
Turn left at the second crossing.在第二个十字路口向左拐。
It’s about…metres from here.离这里大约有……米。
It’s only a ten-minute walk from here.走十分钟就到了。
Go straight ahead till you see…一直往前走直到你看见……
IV.建议和提醒
交际用语要注意中西方的差异,这点非常重要,往往考生失分就在于忽视了中西方文化上的差异。交际用语的不仅在单选里考查,听力里也有所涉及。所以,平时做听力时也可以积累交际上的回答,注意体味情景的含义。交际用语的复习不要刻意投入太多的时间,把平时该掌握的掌握好就可以了!
根据大纲的要求,我们考生所要熟悉的功能意念部分包括:问候,介绍,告别,感谢和应答,祝愿、祝贺和应答,邀请和应答,提供(帮助等)和应答,约会,意原和希望,请求、允许和应答;同意和不同意,喜好和厌恶,决断和坚持,判断和意见,职责,能力,偏爱,责备和抱怨,肯定和不肯定,禁止和警告,可能和不可能,预见、猜测和相信,请求,劝告和建议,许诺,提醒,表示焦虑,表示惊奇,表示喜悦等三十余项。
以及所要熟悉的情景场所部分的对话:包括谈论天气,购物,问路和应答,问时间、日期和应答,就餐,打电话,传递信息,看病,求救,语言困难,标志和说明等十余项。
同时解题时要做到“四忌”
一忌上词下用
上词下用指的是答句部分延用了题干句子的重点词、信息词,按表层意思似乎合情合理,但往往为错误的“虚像”,需经进一步分析后才能确定正确选项。典型的例子如用“I don’t”应答“Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow”,用“Don’t be sorry”回答“I’m sorry I broke your mirror”,以及用“No thanks”回答“Thank you ever so much for the book you sent me.”避免“上词下用”的误区,一是确认题目涉及的交际功能项目,二是确认句子上下文语境,三是确认正确的话语方式。请看下例:
—I wonder if I could use your telephone.
—________.
A.I wonder how B.I don’t wonder C.Sorry,it’s out of order D.No wonder,here it is
解析:尽管该题中反复出现“wonder”一词,但通过仔细审题可确定其考查的功能项目为征求对方意见,问句相当于“Could I use your telephone?”综合语境和话题的分析,正确的答话方式一般为“Of course you can”(肯定)或“Sorry,you can’t”(否定),也只有C项符合题意,A、B、D项均属典型的“上词下用”现象,而且D项中的“No wonder”意思为“难怪 ”,更是和题干内容相差甚远。
二忌中文思维
与上词下用比较,这一误区更具迷惑力,因为无论按题目内容或是按思维方式来考虑,都非常符合中国学生的习惯。显然,掌握英汉两种语言和文化之间的相同和相异之处,对于准确解题至关重要。考生解题失误之一是按汉语的表达方式和结构去套英语,去选答案,这属于语言知识的“负迁移”。请看下例:
—Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?
—________.
A.I don’t believe B.I don’t believe it C.I believe not so D.I believe not
解析:以Do you think…?这样的句子来提问,用D项来回答表示否定,显然不符合中文的表达习惯,这也正是许多考生选了A、B、C项的原因。另一个更常见的失误是套用中国文化模式。违背英语国家的思维方式和文化习俗,这属于文化方面的“负迁移”。
三忌直接回绝
这主要是指在对方要求得到帮助,提出请求或邀请时,回答过于直接,不够委婉,尽管从语义角度分析是没毛病的,但不符合英语国家的交际习惯。“请求”方面的问 话有May I…?/Can I…?/I wonder if I could…/Do you mind if I…?等,“邀请”方面 的问话有Will you…?/Would you like to…?/I’d like to invite to…等。在作否定回答 时,为了表示礼貌和委婉,通常要用一些委婉词,如but,I’m afraid,I’m sorry,thanks,please,had better等。请看下例:
—I didn’t know this was a one-way street,officer.
—________
A.That’s all right. B.I don’t believe you. C.How dare you say that? D.Sorry,but that’s no excuse.
解析:许多考生有可能选B、C项,这是没有注意到西方人生活、工作中交往的必要礼节,答话时过于生硬,没有顾及他人感情,而正确答案D项正是在充分考虑到说话双方的身份,彼此之间的关系以及说话人的立场和态度的基础上做出的选择。
四忌答非所问
应该说答非所问的错误比较容易察觉,如果问话与答话的内容风牛马不相及的话,考生可以迅速排除。但有时双方会话内容有所关联,但仔细推敲发现其实答语并不切题。最典型的例子是With pleasure和It’s a pleasure。前者一般在事前回答 ,表示“非常愿意”。后者一般在事后回答,表示“不用客气”。 请看下例:
—Sorry, I couldn't come to the party. I was sick that day.
—_________.
A.I don't know that B.That's all right C.Yes, we'll have another party D.No, the party wasn't held
解析:A 、C和D三项均明显地答非所问,与问句无关;只有D项能够作出直接的答复。