初三英语重点知识：被动语态

被动语态(Introducion of Passive Voice)

一、 主动语态与被动语态的概念：

英语动词的语态有两种：

⑴主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者

⑵被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者(常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用)

例：They speak English. (主动语态)

主 谓 宾

English is spoken by them. (被动语态)

主 谓 介词短语

注：★及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。

例：⑴We listen to the teacher carefully in class.

主 谓 宾

→The teacher is listened to by us carefully in class.

主 谓 介词短语

⑵We laughed at him .

→ He was laughed at by us.

二、 被动语态的结构与用法：

1.结构：be +done (过去分词)

被动语态中的be为助动词，无意义。be可能是am , is , are也可能是was ,were或原形be。

注：★被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be后面的过去分词不变。

2.用法：

例：①History is made by the people. (一般现在时)

②The cars were made in Tianjing in 1995. (一般过去时)

③The tree will be cut down next year.(一般将来时)

④The room must be kept clean.(含有情态动词的被动语态)

⑤The door is being opened.(现在进行时)

⑥The film has been seen by me.(现在完成时)

三、★使用被动语态的场合

1、 不知道或不必指出动作的执行者时。如：

Computers are widely used in transport.

The house has been broken into.

2、 强调动作的承受者时。如：

A third ring will be built around this city.

3、 出于策略、婉转、礼貌等不提出动作的执行者时。如：

Much has been said but little has been done about the issue.

4、 有些措词故意避免用主语，或用“有人”、“大家”之类，经常用it作形式主语构成被动语态结构。如：

It is said that another steel plant will be set up in this city.

特别记住下列句型：

It is hoped that … 希望……

It is supposed that … 据推测说……

It must be pointed out that … 必须指出……

It will be seen that … 由此可以看出……

It is known that … 据说……

It is well known that …众所周知……

It is believed that … 有人相信……

It is thought that … 人们认为……

四、 被动语态的各种句型：

1、 The song is liked by young people. (肯定句)

2、 The song isn’t liked by young people(否定句)

3、 Is the song liked by young people ?(一般疑问句)

4、 Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked?(特殊疑问句)